You may need to filter out reads shorter then 2. Do this with a tool that is made for paired-end data, cutadapt could be an option.
EDIT:
My answer may not be applicable to this problem. See: Error with bowtie2
Here the error looks slightly different.
If I quickly google " terminate called after throwing an instance of 'int'" I get a few different possible problems. Are you running bowtie2 and galaxy locally? And what steps have you done before mapping?